Normal thyroid function is essential for regulation and stabilization of mood. In fact, one of the important thyroid hormones (T3) is actually considered to be a neurotransmitter. The books and scientific papers below address various aspects of thyroid and adrenal health and well being.
BOOKS ON THYROID DISEASE:
Hormones and the Mind, by Edward Klaiber, MD
The Thyroid Solution, by Ridha Arem, MD
Hypothyroidism: The Unexpected Illness, by Broda Barnes, MD
The Thyroid Axis and Psychiatric Illness, by Russell T Joffe, MD
Thyroid Balance, by Glenn S Rothfield, MD
BOOKS ON STRESS AND THE ADRENAL:
Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers: An updated Guide to Stress, Stress-Related Diseases and Coping. by Robert M. Sapolsky, PhD
The Rhodiola Revolution, by Richard Brown, MD and Patricia Gerbarg, MD
Adrenal Fatigue: The 21th Century Stress Syndrome, by James Wilson, ND, DC, PhD
SCIENTIFIC PAPERS ON THYROID:
Samuels, Mary H.. Psychiatric and cognitive manifestations of hypothyroidism. Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity 21(5):p 377-383, October 2014. | DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000089
ACE Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for the Evaluation and Treatment of Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism, Endocrine Practice, Vol. 8, No. 6, Nov/Dec 2002.
Afflelou, S. Administration of high dose levothyroxine in treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorders. Review of the literature and initial therapeutic application apropos of 6 cases. L’Encéphale. 1997;23(3):209.
Aronson R et al. Triiodothyronine augmentation in the treatment of refractory depression. A meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996; 53:842-848.
Azorin JM et al. Factors associated with rapid cycling in bipolar I manic patients: findings from a French national study. CNS Spectr. 2008 Sep;13(9):780-7
Bauer M. Thyroid hormones, serotonin and mood: of synergy and significance in the adult brain. 2002;7(2):140-156.
Bauer MS et al. Rapid Cycling Bipolar Affective Disorder. Treatment of Refractory Rapid Cycling with High-Dose Levothyroxine; A Preliminary Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990;47:435-440.
Carta MG. The link between thyroid autoimmunity (antithyroid peroxidase autoantibodies) with anxiety and mood disorders in the community: a field of interest for public health in the future. BMC Psychiatry. 2004;18:4–25
Dratman MB et al. Thyroid hormones as neurotransmitters. Thyroid. 1996;6:639-647.
Gold MS et al. Hypothyroidism and depression. Evidence from complete thyroid function evaluation. JAMA. 1981 May 15;245(19):1919-22.
Kirkegaard C, Faber J. The role of thyroid hormones in depression. European Journal of Endocrinology.1998;138(1):1-9
Lasser RA, Baldessarini RJ. Thyroid hormones in depressive disorders: a reappraisal of clinical utility. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 1997 Mar-Apr;4(6):291-305
Mason GA ET al. L-triiodothyronine: is this peripheral hormone a central neurotransmitter? Neuropsychopharmacology. 1993;8(3):253-8.
Mazokopakis EE,et. al. Effects of 12 Months Treatment with l-Selenomethionine on Serum Anti-TPO Levels in Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis. Thyroid. 2007 Aug;17(7):609-12 Pop VJ, Maartens LH, Leusink G, van Son MJ, Knottnerus AA, Ward AM, Metcalfe R, Weetman AP 1998 Are autoimmune thyroid dysfunction and depression related? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:3194–3197
Vahab Fatourechi . Upper Limit of Normal Serum Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone: A Moving and Now an Aging Target? The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 92, No. 12 4560-4562
Wartofsky L. Controversy in Clinical Endocrinology: The Evidence for a Narrower Thyrotropin Reference Range Is Compelling. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism . 2005;90(9):5483-5488
Integrative Treatment of
Depression and Anxiety:
An Effective Non-Pharmacological
Approach that Preserves Sexual
Functioning
Katherine Falk, M.D.